A conversion is an arbitrage combining long stock, a long put, and a short call at the same strike to lock in a risk-free profit when options are mispriced relative to put-call parity. It’s a professional/market-maker trade.

How it works

You buy the stock, buy a put, and sell a call — all at the same strike/expiration. This combination has a fixed, known payoff (the long put + short call = synthetic short stock, offsetting the long stock). If the options are priced such that this locked-in position yields more than the risk-free rate, you’ve captured a risk-free profit — a conversion arbitrage.

Why it matters

Conversions (and their opposite, reversals) are how arbitrageurs enforce put-call parity — when prices drift out of line, they execute these trades until the mispricing disappears. This is why you rarely see free money in options: the arbs close it fast. It’s the mechanism keeping call/put/stock prices consistent.

A conversion is the trade that harvests a broken parity — and by harvesting it, fixes it. It’s why option mispricings don’t last.

The takeaway

A conversion is a defined-payoff arbitrage that enforces put-call parity, capturing risk-free profit from mispricing. It’s a market-maker tool, not a retail scalping strategy — but it explains why option prices stay consistent (arbs like this police them). Its mirror is the reversal.