Top-down analysis is a way of reaching a trade by working from the broadest context inward: the overall market, then the sector, then the instrument, then the specific setup. Each layer has to agree before you act, so your trade rides the larger current instead of fighting it.

Start with the market

Begin with the whole-market tone — is the broad index trending or ranging, calm or volatile, risk-on or risk-off (what moves SPY, market breadth)? Macro context (rates, the dollar, the day's catalysts) sets the weather everything else trades in (the dollar index).

Narrow to sector and instrument

Next, sector strength or weakness (money rotates between them — sector rotation), then the specific instrument's own trend and levels (support and resistance). By the time you reach the setup, you've confirmed it agrees with the market, the sector, and the instrument — that's alignment (confluence).

A perfect setup pointing the wrong way against the whole market isn't a trade — it's a coin flip with a nice-looking chart.

Why it matters for a scalper

Even a same-day scalper benefits: knowing the broad tone and the day's catalysts tells you whether to expect trend or chop and how much to size (a pre-market routine). NoVo folds this in — it reads whole-market structure and dealer positioning as context around each SPY setup, not the setup alone (how NoVo reads the market).