The float is the number of shares actually available to trade - total shares minus those locked up by insiders and long-term holders. Short interest is the number of those shares that have been sold short. Together they describe the supply-and-pressure setup of a name.

The ratio that matters

Short interest as a percentage of float is the key figure. A small float with high short interest is combustible: if price starts rising, a lot of shorts need to buy back from a shallow pool of shares, and there is not enough supply to satisfy them calmly. That imbalance is the fuel for a short squeeze.

Days to cover

Another useful read is "days to cover" - short interest divided by average daily volume. It estimates how many days of normal trading it would take shorts to buy back. A high days-to-cover means shorts can't exit quickly, which makes them vulnerable if the tape turns against them.

Low float plus high short interest is dry tinder. It doesn't cause the fire - it decides how big it gets.

The context, not the trade

High short interest alone is not a buy signal - shorts are often short for good reasons. What these numbers give you is context: an understanding of how a stock might move if a catalyst hits. For deeply liquid, massive-float instruments like SPY, squeeze dynamics are muted - which is one reason systematic traders favor deep liquidity over lottery-ticket small caps.