PCE - the Personal Consumption Expenditures price index - is an inflation gauge published monthly. It measures price changes across what consumers actually buy, and crucially, it's the inflation measure the Federal Reserve targets and watches most closely - even more than CPI.

Why the Fed prefers it

PCE captures a broader basket than CPI and adjusts for how consumers substitute between goods as prices change. It tends to run a bit lower and smoother than CPI. When the Fed talks about its "2% inflation target," it's referring to core PCE - so PCE is the number most directly tied to policy decisions.

Why the market watches

Because PCE feeds the Fed's thinking, a surprise in core PCE can shift rate expectations and move stocks, bonds, and the dollar. It's released later in the month than CPI, so it often confirms or challenges the inflation narrative the market already built from CPI - and a divergence between the two can jolt the tape.

CPI is the headline everyone trades. PCE is the number the people setting rates actually use.

The practical read

For a trader, PCE is another scheduled catalyst on the calendar that can produce a sharp, expectations-driven move. It rarely surprises as violently as CPI or the jobs report, but core PCE against expectations is worth respecting - especially when the Fed's next move is in play.