Consumer sentiment and confidence indexes (the University of Michigan and Conference Board surveys) measure how optimistic or pessimistic households feel about the economy, their finances, and the future. Unlike hard data such as retail sales, these are soft survey data — feelings, not transactions — but feelings that can precede spending decisions.

Why sentiment matters

Confident consumers tend to spend; worried ones pull back. So sentiment is a forward-looking (if noisy) tell on future consumption and growth. A sharp drop can foreshadow a spending slowdown before it shows in the hard data — which is why markets pay attention despite the softness.

The inflation-expectations component

The most market-relevant piece is often the inflation-expectations reading inside these surveys. The Fed watches inflation expectations closely, because if households expect high inflation, they behave in ways that can make it self-fulfilling. A jump in expected inflation can move rate expectations — and therefore stocks and bonds — more than the headline sentiment number.

Sentiment is soft data — but the inflation-expectations line inside it is something the Fed genuinely acts on.

The limits

Sentiment is unreliable as a market timer — it's volatile, sensitive to headlines and gas prices, and consumers often keep spending even while telling surveys they're gloomy. Treat it as one input in the macro mosaic on the calendar, with the inflation-expectations component as the piece most likely to actually move the tape.