Most traders learn the first-order greeks and stop. But dealer hedging - the mechanical buying and selling that shapes intraday price - is driven partly by second-order greeks: charm and vanna. They are advanced, but their footprint on the tape is real.

Charm: delta decay over time

Charm measures how an option's delta changes as time passes. As expiration approaches, deltas shift, and dealers must re-hedge accordingly. This is a driver of the "charm flow" that can nudge markets in predictable directions into the close and into expiration, especially on big OpEx days.

Vanna: delta's reaction to volatility

Vanna measures how delta changes as implied volatility changes. When IV shifts - say, a fear spike fades - dealers' hedges shift too, generating "vanna flows." A falling-VIX environment can create steady dealer buying via vanna, part of why calm, drifting-up tapes persist.

You don't trade charm and vanna. You trade the dealer hedging they force - if you can read it.

Why it matters to you

You don't need to calculate these to benefit from understanding them. They explain why dealer positioning creates the pinning, drifting, and acceleration you see near key strikes and around expiration. Systematic reads that account for dealer flow are, in part, accounting for charm and vanna - the mechanics beneath the surface of the tape.